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Gizmo's potential energy arc is on the shelves of many schools and homes. It was not designed to be a game for children, but it provides fun learning for kids of all ages. While Gizmo is marketed to children, there are also lots of activities that can be done without an electricity source, using just gravity and friction to create motion. Kids get swept away with everyday science activities like this one because they're so easy! Most households have potential energy resources at their fingertips available any day of the week. For instance, when you bring in the mail, you'll notice glass jars of all shapes and sizes. With your finger, test them for their potential energy. To calculate the amount of energy stored inside a jar or glass jar, hold it up to a light bulb or other source of light to see how much light is shining through it. One way around the problem is to take a second jar and drop it onto each jar of candidate glass jars until the target one goes off the shelf. Whichever one stops first has the most potential energy available. You can also read about formula for calculating potential energy in Appendix A at http://brandkeywords. com/GizmoGarden-PotentialEnergy.html If you have a spring, be sure to test it for potential energy, too. To do this, just drop the spring under running water in a glass jar or cup. If you have an old metal kettle in your kitchen that's worn out but still has the original finish, test it for its potential energy by filling it with water and dropping it. Then simply turn on the tap and watch much of its ability to hold water escape when the cloth stopper slips out of the hole it pulls up through. When upside down, it has more potential energy. When you burn wood or burn coal, the coals will go through a cycle of expansion and contraction that has tremendous potential energy. Some years ago, I was reading an article about how scientists were studying this phenomenon of combustion. The article suggested that the reason the English invented tea drinking, was because tea drinkers had to use their tea leaves to get out of bed in the morning. (Tea drinking was originally used to sober up for work.) After reading about how these scientists were studying this phenomenon of combustion, I decided to spend an afternoon building a scale model using friction and gravity to emulate this burning cycle. My scale model, which I named the Friction/gravity cycle, is shown in Figure 1. The Friction/gravity cycle consists of a platform of concrete resting on four blocks. The blocks are not attached to the platform by any means. You can then drop two of the blocks into the center of the concrete, but do not let them touch the platform. Drop the other two blocks outside of this position so that when you lift either one or both of them out of place, they hang in space for only an instant before falling back down again. The friction between these two blocks makes it very hard to get them moved in this position where they hang in space for an instant just before falling back down again. cfa1e77820
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